Evaluation of Wild Almond Genotypes Grown as a Rain-fed Crop in Sulaimani Governorate using RAPD and ISSR Markers

Almond is considered the most common and essential nut grown in rainfed area. It has many species wildly distributed Iraqi Kurdistan region, which are called Chaqala by local people. To understand improve characteristics of cultivated almonds, a comprehensive study wild almonds terms population structure genetic diversity needed to transfer new traits into domesticated almonds. So, twelve different genotypes were collected analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The results revealed bands for both markers, mean value 5.8 RAPD marker 7.8 ISSR was also documented. information content (PIC) values obtained primes that range between (0.64-0.85) primers verified (0.53-0.91), shows discriminatory power these “Jaccard similarity coefficients” 0.34 (G11 vs. G12) 0.77 (G1 G10), clustered four groups with (0.65) ten RADP For 0.35 (G8, G10) 0.79 (G6 G11) observed, (0.65). Structure analysis showed two major groups. Overall, outcomes studied among highly important future almond breeding conservation programs.